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| − | |Hex1a: ??
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| − | |Hex1b: Lionel Messi
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| − | |Hex1c: Firmiano Sigmundskron Castle, includes the Messner Mountain Museum
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| − | |Hex1d: The Wiktionary Clip Art image of a vacuum cleaner (maybe signifying 'mess'!)
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| − | |Hex1e: ''Eurotamandua joresi'', a middle Eocene fossil from Messel, Germany
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| − | |Hex2a: Antique pair of knife rests, silver-plated with cross ends. German word for knife is "messer", thus "messer ruht" - cf. [https://goo.gl/images/Vjr8EP]. The ends have the form of a quincunx; Johannes Kepler is credited with introducing to astrology and astronomy the aspect known as Quincunx to denote planets which are 150 degrees or 5 zodiac signs apart from each other.
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| − | |Hex2b: ??
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| − | |Hex2c: Japanese giant hornet (?) ''Vespa mandarinia japonica'', a subspecies of the world's largest hornet, the Asian giant hornet (''V. mandarinia''). 6062 Vespa is a main belt asteroid. Hornet is 'frelon' in French, and the Sud-Aviation SA321 Super Frelon aircraft has landing gear made by the Messier corporation [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud-Aviation_SA321_Super_Frelon]
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| − | |Hex2d: Sombrero. Sombrero Galaxy (also known as Messier Object 104, M104 or NGC 4594) is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo.
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| − | |Hex2e: Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer; in June 1917 won an overwhelming victory over the German Army at the Battle of Messines.
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| − | |Hex2f: Garden cress (?) (''Lepidium sativum''). It is reported that Nicholas Messier first grew watercress in Erfurt, Germany, in the middle of the 16th century. English cultivation started in early 1800 [https://www.bwqualitygrowers.com/watercress/history-and-facts/]
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| − | |Hex2g: Indian Elephant. Messiaen used Hindu rhtythms and rhythmic principles (the Hindu ''decî-tâlas'') extensively in his work, citing as an example ''gajalîla'', the elephant's step (e.g. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DTQrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55&lpg=PA55&dq=indian+elephant+messiaen&source=bl&ots=gXdd6JM3uY&sig=pQbkESnhFJk_Hfagr61DZwqqU8w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHgev03ZDYAhVcFMAKHdi4AvgQ6AEINzAF#v=onepage&q=indian%20elephant%20messiaen&f=false])
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| − | |Hex3a: Andres Iniesta, a Barcelona teammate of Messi, who plays in shirt no. 8.
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| − | |Hex3b: A nazar or evil eye stone (Turkish: nazar boncuğu) is an amulet from ancient Turkish mythology (from Central Asia, shaman Turks) that protects against the evil eye. Villa Messier 30 was designed by Nazar Barabakh [https://creativepool.com/nazarbarabakh/projects/villa-messier-30]
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| − | |Hex3c: Olga García Pérez, who plays for the FC Barcelona women's football team and wears the same shirt number as Messi (no. 10).
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| − | |Hex3d: Part of WW1-era photo showing Australian troops marching past the ruins of the Cathedral and Cloth Hall in Ypres, 1917. Messines Ridge lay at the southern end of the Ypres battlefield on the Western Front.
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| − | |Hex3e: The first movement of Messiaen's ''Preludes'' is called ''La colombe'' (the dove); it has the colour association of orange, with violet veins ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preludes_(Messiaen)])
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| − | |Hex4a: A keshi pearl ring, cf. [https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=keshi+pearl+ring&client=firefox-b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh_7-U0Y_YAhUCKMAKHYLvABsQsAQItQE&biw=1440&bih=700]. The Japanese word ''keshi'' also means 'poppy', which is the symbol for the fallen of the World Wars.
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| − | |Hex4b: ?? Musical notation
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| − | |Hex4c: ?? Red heraldry/coat of arms with two fish and four crosses, the arms of the House of Salm (Luxemburg), see [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_Salm here]. Charles Messier was born in Badonviller, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine, France (20 miles from Luneville), then part of the Principality of Salm.
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| − | |Hex4d: Part of the Jonah window, Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford University, showing the city of Nineveh. Made by Abraham van Linge in 1631. "The earliest references to comets are difficult to distinguish from meteorological annotations but begin to appear in astrological omen texts dating from the seventh or eighth century B.C. (Such a text from an Assyrian library at Nineveh is quoted in Stephenson and Walker, ''Halley's Comet'', 17.)" [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_U3rRP-P684C&pg=PA231&lpg=PA231&dq=nineveh+comets&source=bl&ots=APS_ZNdJEQ&sig=tOkrSFKyXKnh3TuAs707j1_2X_Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf96CF2Y_YAhUiIsAKHVvYAgMQ6AEIPDAH#v=onepage&q=nineveh%20comets&f=false]
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| − | |Hex4e: ?? Cartoon representation of Argentina flag. Lionel Messi is an Argentinean footballer.
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| − | |Hex4f: A Transformers Scout Class action figure called 'Undermine'. The mines in the Battle of Messines comprised a series of underground explosive charges, secretly planted by British tunnelling units. The mines were detonated at the start of the Battle of Messines (7–14 June 1917), creating 19 large craters (some still visible today). The joint explosion of the mines at Messines ranks among the largest non-nuclear explosions of all time. The evening before the attack, General Sir Charles Harington, Chief of Staff of the Second Army (General Sir Herbert Plumer), remarked to the press, "Gentlemen, I don’t know whether we are going to make history tomorrow, but at any rate we shall change geography". The Battle of Messines marked the zenith of mine warfare. The solution to the Minesweeper puzzle on Page 7 seems to reference Harington's remark.
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| − | |Hex4g: A treasure chest full of gold coins
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| − | |Hex4h: The artist is painting a spiral galaxy and has an astronomy photo book open to her left.
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| − | |Hex5a: Swallow (?), genus ''Hirunda''. 706 Hirundo is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. The French for swallow is 'hirondelle' and Messiaen's Catalogue D'oiseaux includes some refernce to the song of the sandmartin (''hirondelle de rivage'')[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1cg-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=hirondelle+messiaen&source=bl&ots=PyefaaX4rU&sig=abewkW9LwrJ3GzytsraAAjAXPBY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3iez0zI_YAhWHIMAKHYYAA38Q6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=hirondelle%20messiaen&f=false]
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| − | |Hex5b: The pig Napoleon from the (CIA propaganda) cartoon adaption of Orwell's ''Animal Farm''.
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| − | |Hex5c: Chocolate éclairs. Éclairs sur l’Au-Delà … (Lightning Over the Beyond … ) is an epic orchestral work by Olivier Messiaen, written in 1988–91, his last completed composition [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89clairs_sur_l%27au-del%C3%A0...]
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| − | |Hex5d: The Messier Crater on the moon [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_(crater)]
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| − | |Hex6a: Caroline Lucretia Herschel (16 March 1750 – 9 January 1848) was a German astronomer, whose most significant contributions to astronomy were the discoveries of several comets, including the periodic comet 35P/Herschel-Rigollet, which bears her name. She was the younger sister of astronomer William Herschel, with whom she worked throughout her career.[http://gchbryant.tripod.com/Articles/Caroline0597.htm]
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| − | |Hex6b: ??
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| − | |Hex6c: Leela, from the cartoon Futurama. The character, voiced by Katey Sagal, is named after the Turangalîla-Symphonie by Olivier Messiaen.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leela_(Futurama)]
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| − | |Hex6d: ??
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| − | |Hex7a: Oil dipstick (''Messstab'' in German)
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| − | |Hex7b: Messalina, played by Sheila White in ''I, Claudius''
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| − | |Hex7c: Messing-cum-Inworth [http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/61042991.jpg village sign] (blanked out word is just 'INWORTH')
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| − | |Hex7d: Nebula, played by Gina Torres in ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys''
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| − | |Hex8a: ??
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| − | |Hex8b: Whirlpool/vortex. ''Katchikatchi les étoiles'', the 11th movement of Messiaen's Harawi song cycle, describes the moment when the stars and planets are hurled into the vortex [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7ag3ymWqvfgC&pg=PT101&lpg=PT101&dq=messiaen+vortex&source=bl&ots=gzb3RqLArH&sig=3xG2CcO05gw-G63PIMZE-Z6KW8g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi35OWy4pDYAhVHAcAKHfIwAAMQ6AEITDAL#v=onepage&q=messiaen%20vortex&f=false]; it has the lyrics "Katchikatchi the stars, make them leap, Katchikatchi the stars, make them dance"; for a version with piano played by Yvonne Loriod, see [http://www.deezer.com/en/track/3587083]. Messier 51, also known as the Whirlpool Galaxy, is a grand design spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Canes Venatici. It's one of the most famous galaxies in the sky, appearing face-on when viewed from Earth. M51 was one of Charles Messier's original discoveries on October 13, 1773.
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| − | |Hex8c: An [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondes_Martenot ondes Martenot]. "The ondes Martenot has been used by many composers, most notably Olivier Messiaen."
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| − | |Hex8d: CAT [https://www.cat.com/en_GB/products/new/equipment/track-loaders.html track loader]. Their logo is recognizable even with the word "CAT" removed
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| − | |Hex8e: Represents the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceni Iceni] tribe, at least in the video game ''Total War: Rome 2''. The figure may therefore represent Boudicca. The constellation Auriga 'the Charioteer' contains three bright star clusters with Messier numbers [https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A37952724]
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| − | |Hex8f: Fossil of turtle from Messel Pit (in fact one of [http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roybiolett/8/5/846/F1.large.jpg a pair] of turtles that died while having sex)
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| − | |Hex8g: Another ondes Martenot in the background. Haven't found the specific photo, but the woman is Jeanne Loriod, the sister of the second wife of Olivier Messiaen (Yvonne Loriod), she was regarded as the world leading expert on the ondes Martenot (prior to her death in 2001).
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| − | |Hex8h: ??
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| − | |Hex9a: Pound note from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbell%27s_Bank Dumbell's Bank] (then Dumbell's banking company) on the Isle of Man. The Dumbbell Nebula is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula, at a distance of about 1,360 light-years. This object was the first planetary nebula to be discovered; by Charles Messier in 1764.
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| − | |Hex9b: ??
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| − | |Hex9c: Art deco station front of [http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-art-deco-front-to-peckham-rye-station-rye-lane-south-east-london-uk-114026792.html Peckham Rye Station], from Rye Lane. Borough of Southwark. At the age of eight in Peckham Rye, London, William Blake claimed to have seen "a tree filled with angels, bright angelic wings bespangling every bough like stars."[http://www.hotel-assist.com/literary-london/blake-on-peckham-rye.html]
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| − | |Hex9d: Memorial at the Island of Ireland Peace Park, Messines, commemorating losses at the WW1 Battle of Messines Ridge in June 1917
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| − | |Hex9e: ? The poster in the background shows a footballer with raised arms, from behind, with the shirt number 10. The name on the shirt is obscured, but may be 'Messi'.
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| − | |Hex9f: Gold Aureus of the Emperor Claudius, 41-54 AD; cf. [http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/i.html RIC59 here]. Suetonius, ''Life of Claudius'', records that "The principal omens of his death were the following: the rise of a long-haired star, commonly called a comet,...."[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/suetonius/12caesars/claudius*.html para. 46].
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| − | |Hex10a: Ascension Island, taken by Chris Hadfield from the International Space Station. L'Ascension ("The Ascension") is a piece for orchestra, composed by Olivier Messiaen in 1932–33. Messiaen described it as "4 meditations for orchestra".
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| − | |Hex10b: ??
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| − | |Hex10c: Woodcut of Saint Eligius, patron saint of goldsmiths.
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| − | |Hex10d: Composer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis Iannis Xenakis], who studied under Messiaen, and who wrote a percussion piece called 'Pleiades'.
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| − | |Hex10e: Logo of Essex County Fire and Rescue Service. The image of the scimitar is often used to describe the tail of the classic bright and dusty comet.
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| − | |Part of puzzle/blue-edged card: ?A lark, possibly a flappet lark (''Mirafra rufocinnamomea'')
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| − | |Part of puzzle/blue-edged card, bird: ??
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| − | |Part of puzzle/blue-edged card: The common buzzard (''Buteo buteo'')
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| − | |Hex11a: Lionel Messi scores hat trick vs. Espanyol
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| − | |Hex11b: Azophi is a lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged south-central highlands of the Moon. Named after the 10thC AD Abbasid astronomer 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Persian: عبدالرحمن صوفی). He published his famous "Book of Fixed Stars" in 964; the title suggests some parallels with Messier's own catalogue.
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| − | |Hex11c: Untidy (Japanese: 豪怪 Gōkai), character from the Yo-kai Watch series of video games (and a synonym for messy!)
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| − | |Hex11d: The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinius Ida] fossil, found in the Messel Pit
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| − | |Hex11e: Pleiades Supercomputer at Nasa (The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades Pleiades] are Messier 45)
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| − | |Hex12a: Hard to find original source, possibly [http://tywkiwdbi.blogspot.co.uk/2009/04/etonians-prepare-to-participate-in.html "pupils of Eton college exercising in suit and high hat, rifle over the shoulder. England, 1915"]. Probably reference to the song ''The Eton Rifles'' by The Jam
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| − | |Hex12b: Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria (Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand; 18 May 1869 – 2 August 1955) was the last heir apparent to the Bavarian throne. During the first half of the First World War he commanded the German Sixth Army on the Western front. His Bavarian Army Group unsuccessfully defended Messines in 1917.
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| − | |Hex12c: A whorl fingerprint pattern, bears some resemblance to certain of the Messier objects, e.g. M96
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| − | |Hex12d: Ontario; province in Canada; capital is Toronto. There is a Messy Lake in Ontario [http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/FEBTP]
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